Crew Resource Management

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Part 1: Discussion of CRM, Communications, and Checklists.

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the effective use of all available resources to lead to an efficient and safe operation. Within the system of CRM, there are many components including procedures, communication, problem-solving,  checklists, and teamwork. Procedures include designating the roles and duties for any position within the crew, that way whoever is acting in a specific position within the team knows exactly what their role is and how they need to interact with the team to maximize efficiency. Checklists are among one of the more important components found within CRM because not only do they minimize error, but they promote effective communication and cross-checking to make sure important steps are not overlooked. CRM, Communications, and checklists are not separate entities, they all interact in a way that leads to the desired outcome of the team it is being used in.

 

Creating Our Own CRM

Designated Roles

 

Pilot in Command/Designated Pilot (DP)

-        Pre-Planning

-        Check weather

-        Review Area (Google Earth)

-        Preflight

-        Crew briefing

-        Tablet Setup

-        Mission Planning

-        Failsafe setup

-        Critical Waypoint Briefing

-        Any additional changes to waypoints/mission should be noted here

-        Takeoff

-        Perform Takeoff Procedure

-        Ensure Personnel are Clear

-        During Flight

-        Monitor Bramor systems/indications

-        Landing

-        Monitor landing area and verify with flight crew

-        Interfere to pop parachute manually if necessary

Visual Observer

-        Preflight

-        Be aware of current and potential weather hazards

-        Assist in mission planning as needed

-        Review the landscape and flight area

-        Take notes as needed

-        Flight

-        Observing the skies for obstructions or unforeseen hazards.

-        Field notes as needed

-        Post Flight

-        Collect the UAS after landing.

-        Make sure to fold the parachute correctly 

Sensor Operator/Flight Engineer #2

-        Preflight

-        Working with flight engineer #1 to complete checklist

-        Ensure sensor is functioning

-        Flight

-        Operating Sensor

-        Post Flight

-        Retrieve the sensor and data and be sure to put the sensor back into it’s appropriate case

Flight Engineer #1

-        Preflight

-        Working with sensor operator to complete checklist

-        Assembling Catapult and aircraft

-        Flight

-        Start breaking down the catapult after launch to decrease post flight time

-        Break down of the airframe after it is retrieved

 

Checklist Role Explanation:

 

Flight Engineer 1 & 2/Sensor Operator

-        The roles of both Flight Engineers 1 & 2 are denoted on the checklist with the highlighted color seen above. Due to the nature of both the Flight Engineer roles, during the setup of the Bramor, they are allowed to switch between which individual completes each task. This will allow for further flexibility within the group if one person is more proficient at one aspect over another as we switch between roles. During the flight, if a sensor operator is required, that task will fall to Flight Engineer 2 to operate the sensor as appropriate during the mission.

Visual Observer (VO)

-        While the VO may not seem to have a role based on the checklist, the visual observer must be briefed and consulted by the PIC during the set up of waypoints for the mission. In particular, the visual observer must confirm with the PIC that the home, rally, takeoff, and landing points are all in a safe location before the launch of Bramor. While the entire crew should be briefed on the parameters and location of these points, the VO should be aware of and consulted on these points in advance of the crew briefing.

Pilot In Command (PIC)

-        The PIC role during the setup is primarily on the proper setup of the programming. The PIC is also responsible for consulting with the Visual Observer (VO) and performing a briefing with the crew about these waypoints.

-        The PIC should have standardized directions to have clear communication between crew members.

 

Checklist

 

UNPACKING (Flight Engineer 1 or 2 and Visual Observer)

(1 -12, 32-39)

  1. KESTREL                                                ON
  2. CATAPULT                                            UNFOLD
  3. CATAPULT  LEGS                                   EXTENDED
  4. CATAPULT  LEG SAFETY LOCKS               SECURE

       5. CATAPULT MIDDLE LOCK                       SECURE

       6. CATAPULT SAFETY PIN                           SECURE

       7. CATAPULT  ON LEVEL GROUND             CHECK

       8. WINCH  ROPE                                      EXTEND

       9. WINCH  ROPE STATE                                       CHECK

     10. BREAKING  ROPE  STATE                        CHECK

     11. BUNGEE  STATE                                     CHECK

     12. BUNGEE  NOT ARMED                           CHECK

     13. WIND DIRECTION                                  CHECK

     14. COMBOX ANTENNA                              CONNECT

     15. GCS COMBOX                                       ON

     16. GCS TABLET                                          ON

     17.    COMBOX BATTERY                                        CHECK

     18.    TABLET BATTERY                                CHECK

     19. TABLET SOUND                                     ENABLED

     20. BLUETOOTH                                          PAIRED

 

ASSEMBLING

 

1. AIRFRAME AND WING CONNECTORS CHECK

 2. AIRFRAME ON CATAPULT PLACE                   CHECK

3. WING JOINERS IN THE WINGS PLACE  CHECK

4. AIRFRAME ANTENNA                                   CONNECT

 5. WINGS ON THE AIRFRAME                          CONNECT

6. WINGLETS ONTHE WINGS                            CONNECT

 7. WING GAP TAPE                                         SEAL

 8. PITOT TUBE CLEAN                                      CHECK

9. PROPELLER                                                  CHECK

10. SENSOR CABLE                                          CONNECTED

11. PARACHUTE HATCH                                   REMOVE

12. FORMATTED MEMORY CARD            INSERTED

13. USB KEY                                                     INSERTED

14. UAV BATTERY                                            PLACE

15. BATTERY ELASTIC                                       SECURE

16. Y CONNECTOR ATTACHED TO BAT.             CONNECTED

17. UAV BATTERY                                            CONNECT

18. ESC SOUND                                               PLAYED

19. CAMERA SETTINGS                                    CHECK

*Altum should be flashing green*

 20. HATCH                                                     SECURE

 21. AIRFRAME LINKED TO GCS                        CHECK

22. PARACHUTE                                               POP

 23. PARACHUTE                                              INSTALL

24. PARACHUTE HATCH (RESET)                       CLOSE

*Close-Open-Close*

25. PARACHUTE SAFETY PIN                             REMOVE

 

 

 

 

PREFLIGHT (40-44, 49-64, 69-73)

 

 1. MISSION                                                    OPEN/CREATE

 2. SENSOR                                                     CHECK

3. UAV BATTERY                                              CHECK

 4. COMMUNICATION                                      CHECK

5. SATELLITES                                                  MORE THAN 7

6. NAVIGATION MAP                                       LOADED

 7. PHOTO LOG                                               CLEARED

 8. AIRFRAME FROM CATAPULT                        REMOVE

 9. MODE TO MANUAL                                    SET

10. SERVO                                                       CHECK

 11. PROPELLER SAFETY                                   CHECK

12. MOTOR TEST                                             CHECK

 13. MODE TO SAFE                               SET

14. LENS CLEAN                                               CHECK

15. AIRFRAME                                                 LEVEL

16. SENSOR INITIALIZATION                             SET

 17. WAYPOINTS (SPEED & ALTITUDE)              CHECK

18. MISSION (T&L, P, R)                                    SET

19. TAKEOFF POINT PARM                     CHECK

20. LANDING POINTS PARM                             CHECK

21. AUTO CAMERA SWITCH                             SELECT

 22. MISSION                                                   UPLOAD

 23. FAILSAFES                                                 CHECK

 24. SENSOR INITIALIZATION                            SET

 25. AIRSPEED (AROUND 0 m/s)                        CHECK

 26. PITOT COVER                                            REMOVE

 27. PITOT TEST                                               CHECK

 

LAUNCH (65-68, 74-83)

 

1. TROLLEY                                                      LOCK

2. RUBBERS                                                     ON

 3. CATAPULT SAFETY                                      CHECK

 4. CATAPULT (WIND) DIRECTION           CHECK

 5. CATAPULT (MAX 1 MIN)                               ARM

6. AIRFRAME ON CATAPULT                             SECURE

7. PROPELLER                                                  ALIGN

8. TAKEOFF MODE                                           SET

 9. UAV INTO TKO MODE                                 CHECK

10. LEG ON PLATE                                            PLACE

11. SAFETY PIN                                                REMOVE

 12. SAFETY – SITUATIONAL AWARENESS         CHECK

 13. CATAPULT RELEASE                                   PULL

 

 

 

Part 3: Roles in Data Product Creation

Jared Beard: I helped create the roles and responsibilities of the PIC as well as help determine what should be included in the additional roles VO, Flight Engineer 1, and Flight Engineer 2. I also color-coded the checklist to correspond to who should be performing each role to help eliminate confusion in the field. Finally, I created the checklist role explanation which provides a more detailed explanation of the roles of each team member during the checklist phase and what is expected of them expanding on the portion of the designated role of our CRM.

Abdul: I contributed to the creation of the CRM by listing and organizing the checklist. In addition, I helped in the discussion of the CRM of what we should include to improve the team safety management. Furthermore, I participated in addressing some of the flight crew roles. Finally, I made some edits and  added one more role to the PIC that helps in enhancing the communication between the flight team.

Brendan Trent:  I contributed to the completion of the CRM discussion by listing the essential functions within CRM and I described our group's basic understanding of what CRM is and how it is applied.  I  defined the designated roles for the sensor operator as well as the flight engineer. Helped brainstorm our plan to split up the checklist according to the color associated with each crew member, that way there is no confusion as to who is doing what. I also helped decide that the sensor operator and flight engineer should work together while the visual observer and Pilot in command work together upon arrival to the operation area so that we can streamline the setup process and start the mission as efficiently and safely as possible.

Caleb Gascho: I contributed to the editing of the document as well as formatting the checklist and in general making it look nice and neat. I also contributed to determining what jobs should be included for both flight engineers 1 and 2 as well as the visual observer. Finally I helped determine what phases of operation need to go under which roles; pre-flight, flight, etc.

 

 

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